I use the term slug, instead of penetrator, because there is no reason that the slug could not push a penetrator in front of it (most materials are no different to magnetic fields from a vacuum). Coils can also be mounted around the slug, to increase the pull (but only for ferro-nickel slugs). Because of how the magnetic fields interact with the slug, the slug must either link with the flux very well, to be pulled along the magnets (ferro-nickel?), or resist being impinged by magnetic flux, to be pushed along by the magnets (aluminum, superconductors that aren't quenched by the intense fields). By carefully energising each coil in sequence, with each coil being de-energised as the bolt gets the the coil's center, great velocities can be reached. To go from a single stage to multistage, you remove the mechanical limits of the bolt's motion and line up several coils along a trough. As the spring is connected in a way that prevents it from pulling on the bolt, the bolt easily overshoots the equilibrium position and strikes the upper chime, before falling back to the spring. Releasing the button de-energises the coil and the spring pulls up the bolt. The bolt overshoots the center of the coil and strike the lower chime. If you have taken the cover off of an electromechanical, two-tone door chime, you have looked at a single stage coilgun configured as a captive bolt pistol (pressing the button energises the coil and pulls down the bolt, loading a spring. However, there is another kind of electromagnetic accelerator- the coilgun. So, if GR's are railguns, non-magnetic slugs are needed.
The low magnetic reluctance of the slug will divert flux away from the current flowing from one rail to the other, reducing the accelerating forces. Spending four seconds thinking about it, I can begin to grasp why ferromagnetic materials are bad for rail guns.
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